Stomach ulcers are small holes that appear in the stomach or the first foot of
the intestinal tract. If the ulcer is in the stomach, it is called a gastric ulcer, and some of these
may become malignant. The more common ulcers, those in the upper intestine, are
duodenal ulcers, and the term peptic ulcer is used to refer to either one.
Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment
Causes of Peptic and Gastric Ulcers
Peptic ulcers can be a condition on their own, or may form as a result of another
disease or condition. All peptic ulcers are caused by a loss of the mucous lining
that normally protects the stomach and intestine from the harsh hydrochloric acid
used to aid digestion. H. pylori, a bacteria, is also known to
contribute to the majority of ulcers.
If the mucosal lining of the stomach is damaged, a gastric ulcer may form. If
excessive amounts of stomach acid are created, or excessive stress or genetic
factors are present, a duodenal ulcer can be created or become worse. Extended use of aspirin or NSAIDs, or smoking, can also cause an ulcer.
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Symptoms of Peptic and Gastric Ulcers
Ulcers usually cause a burning pain, much like heartburn, that
lasts anywhere from thirty minutes to three hours. The pain can be located anywhere
between the bottom of the breastbone and the lower abdomen and frequently makes
it difficult to sleep through the night.
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The pain can occur during or after eating,
and it can come and go over periods of weeks. Gastric ulcers can cause loss of weight or appetite, but duodenal ulcers can have
the opposite effect. Bouts of vomiting, bloody or black stools, and anemia are
other symptoms of an ulcer.
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Diagnosis of Peptic and Gastric Ulcers
While medications can be prescribed based on the symptoms and without testing,
several tests can be used to examine and confirm the diagnosis. In addition to
X-rays, an endoscopy can be performed, which lets Dr. Shamsi
visually examine your esophagus and your stomach's lining. Laboratory tests of your blood, breath, or of tissue samples can be used to check
for H. pylori, a common cause of ulcers.
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Treatment of Peptic and Gastric Ulcers
Once an ulcer is diagnosed, treatment usually begins with prescription strength
acid reducers called proton pump inhibitors, or PPIs. There are a variety of
these available. Other means to prevent future ulcers, such as treating H. pylori,
avoiding certain medications, foods, and alcohol or smoking will also help.
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